Early Twentieth Century American Literature Essay

It is fascinating the sheer number of themes that a relatively short period of literature can bring up and deal with. This is most certainly the case with American literature as it turned the corner from the nineteenth to twentieth centuries. Diverse genres as poetry, such as Edwin Arlington Robinson’s Miniver Cheevy and My Papa’s Waltz by Theodore Roethke, and short stories from authors like Charlotte Perkins Gilman (The Yellow Wallpaper) and Flannery O’Connor (Good Country People) covered the range of topics from relationships between men and women and fathers and sons, to innocence lost and reality avoided. These works tested the social fabrics and existences of these topics, often finding new forms of expression for them. In many ways, then, it is difficult to ascertain or name this period for a specific movement. What is true is that it would appear from this gamut that the early nineteen hundreds in the United States had become absolutely pregnant with literary possibilities. Short stories would seem the easiest way for an author to get the point across regarding theme and context. The genre is long enough for simple analysis, yet short enough to avoid meandering far from intent. Gilman created a masterpiece of the just long enough variety. Within The Yellow Wallpaper the author takes on a primary theme from the early part of the twentieth century: the expected submissive status of women. Apart from the popularly identified issues of psychology found in the story, the chief concern of the author is in fact the treatment of women by their ‘superior’ gender. This theme is found over and again through examples like the freedom of the woman’s husband John to make every single one of the decisions regarding his wife, her care and her liberty. Incidentally, his wife is apparently suffering from post-partum depression (the textual evidence indicating the presence of their baby son) but yet again, in keeping with the theme, there is no willingness to offer quality compassion or care on the part of the man. Unwittingly, (hopefully, that is) he even worsens her conditions by removing the baby altogether from her life. He simply locks her up and patronizes her, assuring her that she will feel better any day – and especially if she doesn’t get involved in things that might grant her some level of independence, like writing. The theme, though treated throughout the narrative, is never quite resolved by story’s end. The wife is psychologically mad, and the husband does not realize that he is the cause. Even when faced with the plain existence of insanity upon his wife’s visage, he faints from the horror of it all, rather than from the revolting knowledge that he somehow may have been complicit. The Yellow Wallpaper is an allegory. This is plain and simple. The primary literary device continually reminds the reader that this story, though fictional, is still reality. Through the ongoing saga of the wife’s illness and treatment, it is seen the connection to daily life for all women of the time. The symbolism at points is quite clear. John locks his wife up and it takes some time for the reader to figure out quite why. It is precisely due to the fact that this is not the point. It is not important to find out the ‘why’ behind locking her up. It is allegorical. John is representative of males, and his wife’s incarceration is representative of the state they are kept by all the Johns of the world. The wife of the time was to have no say so in family finances, direction and management, and are to remain in the home, locked up and ready to serve. â€Å"I sometimes fancy that in my condition,† the wife muses, â€Å"if I had less opposition and more society and stimulus – but John says the very worst thing I can do is to think about my condition, and I confess it always makes me feel bad† (1684). The Yellow Wallpaper describes this feeling of both hopelessness and submissiveness well through its use of allegorical story. Similarly, the work exhibits one of the main beliefs, then, of its time. When this short story was printed, and received by the reading public, it represented the status quo of the Victorian era. Women were the homemakers. They had their place, and it sure wasn’t anywhere that would find them thinking independently. Most likely men did not see The Yellow Wallpaper for the allegory it was at all. This story would have been more of a realist bent than a social statement, to them. The belief in a woman’s submissive role was so prevalent that this story was interpreted more for its talk of mental disorders than for its social discourse. This, unfortunately, is what happens when a cultural belief is so pervasive. It is a safe bet that women did not see it in the same light. Writing by Gilman became a predecessor to the modern feminist movement, and provided a safe voice through literature for what would become an undercurrent yet to sweep the nation. Women, understood what the book was saying through its nuances about the current cultural belief, and cheered on the wife as she ‘creeped’ right on over John at story’s end (1694). The poem Miniver Cheevy is much different altogether. Rather than focusing on a specific social reality as did Gilman’s work, Robinson instead pointed out an escape from it. The idea of escape is the theme of this piece. As society began to drift away from the romantic notions of the past with its views of new adventures and discoveries, and toward a new, industrialized modern world, a more mundane existence crept over the country. Though there was more work, it was less creative. The new reality meant longer work hours in dreary conditions. There was less time and freedom for adventures and experiences during the busy and demanding work week. Even the colors and surroundings faded as factories and pollution began to grow. For free thinkers and romantics, this was not their time. More than a few would find themselves pining away for the more innocent and carefree past. Cheevy went even farther than this, choosing to attempt escape altogether, with perhaps the help of a drink or two. Although one could make the case for alliteration being the chief literary device the author uses, this finding is far too simplistic. Alliteration does make the poem structurally interesting and even more attractive when orally presented. But it does nothing regarding the meaning of the poem itself, and thus must be discarded as a mere tool. Because of its support in creating and maintaining the theme of the poem, the proper choice of important literary device is that of allusion. Much of the poem concerns itself with just exactly what it is that Cheevy sees in his head as he is escaping the doldrums of the modernized world. One entire stanza is, in fact, devoted to this usage. Miniver sighed for what was not, And dreamed, and rested from his labors; He dreamed of Thebes and Camelot, And Priam’s neighbors. (1898) Thebes, Camelot and the neighbors of Priam become the vision that Miniver is trying to get to, while escaping his work. Without alliteration, the poem succeeds in expressing its theme, but without allusion to these quasi-historical places and peoples, the theme of escape from reality fades. Fighting back against the growing industrialization of the time, with its blind machines and lack of personal ambition was a main concern of the times in which Robinson wrote. This particular poem exhibited its concern with the issue. The old era had passed, and Miniver Cheevy, like many real people, looked back with regret at what was no more. The newly arriving era must have looked bleak indeed. A sense of adventure was being lost; in its place came a safe predictability with its set routines and agendas. The more romantic of individuals were inclined to not take this sitting down. Cheevy became their role model. He performed his perfunctory, obligatory labor – and then he dreamed for better. He sought refuge from the present in the past. He dreamed of no longer being a cog in a machine, but a knight on a steed. It is the ultimate picture of this issue of 1900s America: escape from reality. Roethke’s poem My Papa’s Waltz takes issue with society, too. This work, however, takes as a theme the topic of father – child relationships. As The Yellow Wallpaper appears to demonize men in terms of how they treat women, My Papa’s Waltz appears to indict fathers in terms of how they treat children. It is important to note that neither work is stating that the abuses or neglects are the social norms, but they certainly make a sweeping statement that if they are not actually the norm, then they are certainly within the acceptable. To be more specific about the theme Roethke is exploring, it can be said that the poem is about the dynamics of the father – child relationship; not merely an accepted standard of near abuse, but of the love of the child for his father regardless. It is almost the love-hate relationship Robinson talks of in Miniver Cheevy. The metaphor of the waltz is how Roethke reaches the reader so easily. With very little time and few lines with which to elucidate a theme, the metaphor becomes one of the best options among literary devices. The waltz, an elegant, formalized, and patterned dance, is an unexpected symbol for what appears tantamount to acceptance of child abuse. Without the expression of the dance, then only abuse would be left. The interpretation of the poem would really suffer. When the reader experiences the fact that the son is describing a waltz, then suddenly things are different. The power of this literary device changes everything. One word expresses the love of the child that surpasses the fear. It describes a careful orchestration of the relationship that the child understands. Two lines of the poem are the most telling about this understanding, this participation in the horror/love relationship. â€Å"But I hung on like death: such waltzing was not easy† and â€Å"Then waltzed me off to bed still clinging to your shirt† (2321). So the boy talks of hanging on and clinging on. He desperately wants to be loved by, or at least near to, his familiar father. This despite the fact that he may or may not be being abused. What he does know is that if he just waltzes along, then in his mind and heart, at least, his father still loves him despite the neglect. The specific steps of the dance, its peculiar rhythm and rhyme ensures that all remains status quo in the household relationships. Above all else, this is what the child wants – a predictable father – son relationship. The 1940s belief described by the Roethke poem is that of what modern day readers would consider child abuse. There is clearly an awareness of society, as seen in the poem, that what goes on in the household between fathers and their children (and especially their sons) may not be right, proper or healthy. And yet, as the poem’s ambivalence shows, it was still an acceptable norm. Even the child appears to agree. His description of the surroundings makes it seem that he acknowledges that things aren’t what they should be. But he found an outlet for his expression, and a safe way to love his father. It became important for him to dance along to the proscribed steps to make sure that all was still right with the world. He knew that his father loved him, and he just wanted to stay close, even if close meant a beating just as soon as it might mean a kind word. The 1940s culture did experience this, but never specifically took it to task or clearly identified it as wrongdoing. The poem accurately conveys this by showing the waltz ending up with the child off to bed. In other words, this was an accepted part of the father – son relationship, and an accepted part of the family and social dynamic. A digression from these cultural concerns and themes in the turn of the century American literature comes from the rather lengthy short story Good Country People. This completely topical focused work by O’Connor is a complex treatment of a complicated theme. It wraps ambitious writing arms around the theme of innocence versus experience; a twist on the more commonly expressed good versus evil. This central motif is one of the possibilities that arise when two completely different sort of people come into relationship and interaction with each other. It asks whether this is a compatible notion, or a recipe for utter failure, disappointment or potential disaster. The theme also includes the abstract question of whether innocence is good, or experience bad. The central idea here spreads from one theme to be exposed as a hydra with its many faces, most of them unexpectedly frightening. Irony is the device that makes Good Country People work so magnificently. The title alone mocks its very characters that play such an important part in Joy’s life. That being said, the irony is absolutely all inclusive, to the point that the reader actively looks for it as the story goes along. It is a thoroughly instructive literary device that guides the reading of the story and allows clear understanding of both the theme and the plot. Even the names of the characters are ironical. Joy is not a joyful person. Manley is truly a physical man, but hidden behind a facade. The skillful use of irony doesn’t stop there. Consider the attitudes of the characters. The squabbling, gossiping and snippy women presented early in the narrative are perfect forms of this. Mrs. Hopewell doesn’t hope well for most anyone. Mrs. Freeman is not free at all from her self-righteousness. Together, they call themselves Good Country Women, something that is so farfetched that it is only hopeful that one finds it to be irony as opposed to outright falsehood. Beyond all this is, of course, the interaction between the two primary characters, Joy, who calls herself Hulga (going so far as to actually legally change her name) and Manley Pointer, the Bible salesman. The irony is that Joy is so self-satisfied, and so above all of the alleged good people that she removes herself from their realm. She is better than them and can see them for who they are. She deems herself a quality judge of that sort of people – namely, people who aren’t what they purport themselves to be. She should be ready then, to clearly and easily discern the false pretenses of Manley Pointer when he arrives. He is so simply not the Christian that he sells himself to be. It is fairly easy to see his plots, his salesmanship and his manipulations. Especially so when it comes to young Hulga. Yet she takes him for what he appears to be. Despite being an atheist and mocking the so called faith of the women, which she sees as hypocrisy, she is somehow blinded to the fact that the Bible salesman is selling snake oil. The scene between Manley and Hulga toward the end of the story tells it best: The boy was unscrewing the top of the flask. He stopped and pointed with a smile, to the deck of cards. It was not an ordinary deck but one with an obscene picture on the back of each card. â€Å"Take a swig,† he said, offering her the bottle first. He held it in front of her, but like one mesmerized, she did not move. Her voice when she spoke had an almost pleading sound. â€Å"Aren’t you,† she murmured, â€Å"aren’t you just good country people? † (2582) So Hulga, the former Joy, seems utterly surprised when she eventually comes to realize that he is not one of the good country people after all. He is not after men’s souls, but women’s bodies. After priding herself on her ability to recognize the hidden evils that hide behind smiles and Christian belief, she has let herself down by letting her guard down. Her naivete finally comes out and is exploited by worldliness. This repeated irony skillfully plays out the overall theme of innocence versus knowledge. The literary technique that had begun to come into vogue when Good Country People was being written was the school of ‘show, don’t tell. ’ This was O’Connor’s first stab into that realm. She used irony and situation to do all of the talking. Rather than laboriously describe persons’ attitudes and beliefs, she allows readers to eavesdrop on the action. This turns out to be much more realistic than earlier forms of realism and naturalism. Those genres depended upon minute details and descriptions of motivations and intents and did not lead readers astray, which would have been labeled patently unfair at the time. This new convention allows for more reader interaction, more familiarity with context as the reader is not being told exactly what to think. Showing theme and not telling theme lets the reader begin to interact more fully with the text and the story itself, leaving him to find more personal connections to the action, and filling in the thoughts and emotions between the lines. Ultimately it provides a much more complex and satisfactory experience for the reader’s interaction with the story. Since the publishing of O’Connor’s story, this technique has not only continued, but has become one of the hallmarks of ‘quality writing. ’ As such, it is taught exhaustively at the collegiate writing level, and no creative writing is well accepted if it violates this standard. O’Connor would be proud. The turning of the nineteenth to twentieth centuries unleashed a great freedom in American literature, both in subjects explored, and in devices and manners utilized. A multitude of themes were raised and dealt with, often with unexpected and clever methods, with their unexpected and clever results. Poetry from authors like Theodore Roethke and Edwin Arlington Robinson, and short stories from the likes of Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Flannery O’Connor began exploring the new topics of the culture as America began to turn toward modernization of both labor and of relationships. As new understandings evolved in these arenas, the remnants, too, received treatment in the literature. Some fashionable ideas were finally on their way out, seemingly, as The Yellow Wallpaper showed. And yet some would hold on, like the view of father – son relationships in My Papa’s Waltz. Old faiths and new hypocrisies were examined by O’Connor and others. And sometimes reality itself was discarded, as Roethke showed. The era of these authors was a time of moving on, looking forward and reminiscing back, all at once, and with many devices. ? Works Cited Gilman, Charlotte P. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper. † The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Shorter Seventh Edition. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008. 1684-95. O’Connor, Flannery. â€Å"Good Country People. † The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Shorter Seventh Edition. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008. 2569-83. Robinson, Edwin A. â€Å"Miniver Cheevy. † The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Shorter Seventh Edition. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008. 1898. Roethke, Theodore. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz. † The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Shorter Seventh Edition. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008. 2321.

Glass Castle Essay

There are references of bad parenting around the world every single day. Everybody is always so quick to point the finger on someone else’s choices and behaviors, that they don’t even notice to look back and reflect on themselves. Even though I am not a parent I am sure every day it comes with its struggles and obstacles. Like I said before, because I am not yet a parent and don’t plan on being one anytime soon I always have the up most respect for them. Of course from time to time there are going to be instances that you regret like any human naturally does. But that label what kind of person that you are, and especially labeled as a â€Å"bad parent† I personally don’t understand how we can judge people for what kind of parent that may be when society is so hypocritical. Often we choose what’s right and wrong but do we really know the difference? How can one parent psychically abuse their child and another parent give them so much attention that there â€Å"suffocated† but both examples being labeled as a â€Å"bad parent†. But in some circumstances when children are getting bad parenting all it takes is for the child to completely forgive the parent and that’s a great achievement in itself to make. All it takes one little piece of his or her inner character that holds such an influence on the child that it will always make her unquestionably love them. In the book, The Glass Castle, Jeannette Walls is that child, reminiscing her favorite childhood memories spent with her family. Jeannette and Rex Walls shared some of the best moments of her life, regardless of Rex’s clear irresponsibility and destruction brought onto her now aspects of her life. Despite the many instances in which her father failed to protect his children, refused to take responsibility for them, and even stole from them they always stayed by his side even up to his last days. Jeannette still loved him until his dying day for a couple reasons of course. First off that’s her father, Secondly he made her feel special and lastly for his never ending inspiration that he had for himself and his family that she admired. When were leaded through the Christmas scene in which her father gave his children stars for presents, Jeannette often recalls Rex as an intelligent and loving father and teacher. With her describing the memory with so much gratitude in her tone. Jeannette begins by saying, â€Å"we had no money at all,† The fact that the way she described this moment it was as if that her family’s differences and financial struggles were gone at this moment (39). This shows his moment of being a real â€Å"Dad†. Jeannette’s overall admiration for her father was shown when she described that the stars were â€Å"one of the special treats for people† like Jeannette (39). Her father also often compared their family with the â€Å"rich city folks† and leads her to think, â€Å"We’d have to be out of our minds to want to travel places with any of them† (39). With the straight-forwardness of this story. Jeannette describes her father with very simple attributes. As her now use of basic language reveals her experience of any bad upbringing and shows only achievement’s of her experience. Her father’s ability to make her feel unique is one of the main reasons why she holds onto him when others give up on him, as that ability gave her one of the most significant moments of her life. The sentence â€Å"And he gave me Venus† conveys a lot of meaning (40). This emphasizes her excitement in the action of her father giving the special present. Perhaps the fact that she was able to receive a planet when her other siblings received stars as presents made her feel so positive about herself. It becomes obvious that Jeannette’s admiration accumulates at this moment as she continues to describe the experience in good terms. The final quote at the end of the passage, as her father says â€Å"Years from now†¦you’ll still have your stars† is another strong example of her father emphasizing her uniqueness. As he clearly sets the Walls children apart from the others that they could of never received. Jeannette also learns a valuable lesson from her father at the zoo. It becomes a characteristic for Rex to praise his children for their uniqueness. It is her trust in him that allows her to fully believe in him. A certain calmness and fascination comes over Rex at this time. Finally, during her last visit to see her father as he confirms that he is dying, Jeanette admits how inspirational he is to her. She admits her reflects her father’s continuous effect on her, even as he is about to die. She sums up her relationship in two clear, complex sentences, saying, â€Å"But despite all the hell-raising and destruction and chaos he had created in our  lives, I could not imagine what my life would belike—what the world would be like—without him in it. As awful as he could be, I always knew he loved me in a way no one else had† (279). The uniqueness that he makes her feel feeds for her affection for him. Ironically, just as he had a special love for her, that was on was only for her, she was the only person in his life who hel d onto his love and respected him regardless of his other issues. Throughout Jeannette Wall’s life, the challenges and setbacks she faced we tremendously hard to to imagine and probably to even experience. The way that Jeanette portrays herself now you would never imagine all that she went through. As the question was stated if I thought that Rew Walls was a bad parent? I say No. Yes. Of course he had a fair amount of decisions that he made for himself and his family that he shouldn’t of but that made him into the person that his family loved and adored him for. We have to constantly remember that were human and were going to make mistakes and I am sure I Rex Walls was here today he would say the same thing.

Critical synopsis Essay

A book that scrutinizes the increasing competition between China, India, and Japan and how it affects the global financial system, Bill Emmott’s ‘Rivals: How the Power Struggle Between China, India, and Japan Will Shape Our Next Decade‘ dwells further on the issues that extend these three nations. Obviously, he recognize the fundamental evolving power rivals in Asia as such region still does not have the merging foundation that have facilitate Europe to its issues. He highlighted the importance of China, India and Japan to encompass a strong influence in the intercontinental associations to boost up their economies without clashing each other’s head. For me, the true essence of the book lies with his ability in molding the readers to understand the issues that these countries have with each other as well as with the US and other key nations without augmenting into alarmism. With the global economic turmoil that started in the US mid July-August 2008, reading the book really sharpens once mind to the reality that Asia, despite it’s own economic meltdown would always have a say in society as it generates a very strong influential power that could either make or break them and the whole world at large. Yes, China’s rapid economic leap is may be in conflict with it’s political reform; India’s economy might be in conflict with it’s key policy and Japan’s old age population issues might yield a very poor economic shrinkage but with the continued boost especially in the Business Process Outsourcing sector (which China and India are the leading provider), all three countries could safeguard their economic stability —– of course, providing that no chaos arises, which is only possible if all three countries could work harmoniously had in hand and eliminate any possible dilemma that would arise especially as we face the saga of recession.

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Organization Studies - Essay Example Scientific management and the human relations theory are related to the rationalization theory of Max Weber. Specifically, scientific management by Frederick Taylor was formally rational because it involved the use of a well calculated procedure to produce maximum output at minimum input within organisations. On the other hand, human relations theory is substantively rational in nature because it calls for emphasis on sociopsychological and moral qualities of labour rather than scientific calculation and maximization of profits. The formal or technical rationality defined by Weber meant that an organisation is based on hierarchy of authority, functional specialization, impersonality and rules. Formal rationality is distinguished from substantive rationality because it is defined as a way of choosing the best means to a given end (ONeill, 1986). On the other hand, Weber defined substantive rationality as a way of determining whether the end achieved is rational. Substantive rationality is based on values and morals that define an organisation or a society. Formal rationality is based on measurements and calculations. In terms of economic action, formal rationality recognizes the extent of quantitative accounting in decision making (Weber, 1962). Weber suggests that such quantitative approach of decision making is possible and applicable. Weber further argues that formal rationality is a variable not an attribute because it has a varying extent. According to Weber, expressing items in terms of money is the best way of achieving the highest degree of formal rationality (Wallace, 1990). Formal rationality entails socially invented measurements which are determined by symbolic representation and manipulation of empirical observations. Such measurement scales can be used to assess the given means and results under given circumstances. Therefore, formal rationality

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Who would you talk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Business Research Methods - Assignment Example These forms of study are mainly undertaken before conducting a more extensive study that will provide concrete answers to the researcher’s questions. Utilisation of this research design, therefore, is limited to areas in which there is limited knowledge as the researcher seeks to develop background information on the topic being explored. Within the business profession, exploratory research focuses on discovering business ideas rather than provision of statistically accurate data. It can provide a company with a definition of issues pertaining alternative courses of action and even prioritization of areas for further research. This design mainly utilises open ended questions and can be able to provide ideas that might not have been thought. The utilisation of the open ended questions however becomes a basic shortfall of the research design since the information collected could be extensively varied and analysis becomes difficult as it cannot be grouped. Description research seeks to provide information and describes situations based on scientific observation (Saunders & Lewis 2012). The fundamental reasons behind utilisation of scientific observations are the provision of accurate and precise information on the topics being investigated. In seeking to get this level of accuracy and precision scientific methods are utilised in statistically analysing the collected data. This research is limited by the complexity of the processes involved in undertaking the analysis of data being presented. Unlike the exploratory design, descriptive study is generally structured and pre-planned. This ensures that the information gathered within the process can be statistically inferred on a given population like the workforce of the company. The fundamental idea behind the utilisation of descriptive research design is defining, opinions, attitudes and behaviours of a group of people in a better and more informed manner

Analysis of time series data Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Analysis of time series data - Research Paper Example Statistical forecasting methods depend on the fact that a time series could be rendered stationary. A stationary time series is a time series whose statistical properties such as mean, variance, autocorrelation, etc. remain constant over time. Statistical forecasting methods compute these stationary time statistical properties from its past values, and use them to predict future values since they will remain the same in the future. Obtaining statistical values such as means, variances, and correlation from non-stationary time series are non-meaningful. This is because such statistics represent only the past but not the future. For example, if the series is consistently increasing over time, the sample mean and variance will grow with the size of the sample, and they will always underestimate the mean and variance in future periods. For this reason much caution should be given to extrapolate regression models fitted to non-stationary data. However, most naturally created time series are non-stationary when expressed in their original units of measurements. They exhibit trends, cycles, random-walking and non-stationary behavior. They remain non-stationary even after deflation or seasonal adjustment. Transforming Non-Stationary Time Series: Non-stationary time series could be converted into stationary ones using mathematical transformations. Predictions for the stationarized series can then be "untransformed," by reversing whatever mathematical transformations were previously used, to obtain predictions for the original series. Thus, finding the sequence of transformations needed to stationarize a time series often provides important clues in the search for an appropriate forecasting model. Trend-Stationary Time Series: It is a time series with a stable long-run trend and reverts back to the trend line following a disturbance. It is stationarized by de-trending. De-treding involves fitting a trend line then subtracting it from the time series. Another way would include the time index as an independent variable in a regression or ARIMA model. Difference-stationary Time

Improving Study Habits Essay Example for Free

Improving Study Habits Essay â€Å"The greatest time saver is being organized. Establish routines that go like clockwork.† Maximizing time makes an individual productive. Personal time management is organizing and managing according to personal priorities, to get where one wants to go. Those who use this technique are the highest achievers in all walks of life. The interesting and essential step in beginning to manage time more effectively is to identify how time is being spent, because only through examining, one can begin to set priorities, eliminate time barriers and aids to better time management. In the course of Bachelor of Science in Psychology, students need to learn many skills that are needed in practicing the actual profession. Psychology students have so many academic requirements to prioritize, but they also have extra-curricular that are important as well, and they always need to cope with time pressure. College is an entirely different situation than high school. Classes consist of far fewer grades, but they are worth it when you are done. Do not tell yourself, Ill read the assignment later, because often times you merely end up cramming right before the test; research indicates that cramming is not the best (nor is it the worst) method of studying. At first, different factors can affect the academic performance of a students in order to achieve success, going through the steps are necessary. It should provide time for students to review activities and prevent too many errors that results to unaccomplished tasks or tasks that are accomplished, but after several attempts to do so. It reduces avoidance and welcomes other opportunities that could help in preparing for other tasks. This study will contribute to the perception of the future psychology students in prioritizing the academic activities and requirements in terms of importance and urgency. The researchers conducted a survey regarding the said topic at Centro Escolar University among the second year psychology students. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the study habits and the effects to academic performance on psychology students’ particularly in the second year level. Habits (or wonts) are routines of behavior that are repeated regularly and tend to occur subconsciously or A habit, from the standpoint of psychology, is a more or less fixed way of thinking, willing, or feeling acquired through previous repetition of a mental experience. As behaviors are repeated in a consistent context, there is an incremental increase in the link between the context and the action. This increases the automaticity of the behavior in that context. Features of an automatic behavior are all or some of: efficiency, lack of awareness, unintentionally, and uncontrollability. And a bad habit is an undesirable behavior pattern. Anyone interested in getting better results, becoming more productive and ultimately more successful should probably take an honest look at the problem of procrastination. Most people think procrastination is just an issue that involves putting things off that can be done later without much of a penalty. But if procrastination will become your habit especially in your study what would be the effect of it in your academic performances? Statement of the problem. 1. What are the bad habits/behavior/attitude toward the respondent’s subjects? Ans. Gagawin pa yang sentence. Lack of interest in the subject area, Unable to set priorities (extra curricular activities, entertainment, etc.), Lack of prerequisites for success in the current subject area, Unstable home life ability to concentrate, lack of interest or motivation to succeed, procrastinating, habitual lateness, overextension, Inability to Prioritize, Negative Mindset and Fear of Failure 2. Does the negative attitudes and habits of psychology students affect their academic performances? 3. The reasons why they act/behave that way. Gagamitan naten to ng theories ha :†) at d pa to tapos. Lack of Focus, Family problems, social lives (including texting, IMing, etc.), outside distractions (phone, music, TV),

Balance Of Payments And Trade In Uae Economics Essay

Balance Of Payments And Trade In Uae Economics Essay The UAE is one of the strongest and prosperous economies of the world. It has been growing continuously over the past few years. The country has been growing at the average rate of 6% per year in the past decade. In the previous years the countrys economy was majorly dependant on the revenue generated by export of oil and petroleum products. But from the last decade the economy of the UAE has been diversified and is now contributed by other industries like, tourism, real estate and construction. Currently the oil and petroleum sector accounts only for one third of the total GDP of the country which used to be three fourth parts till 1980. The current per capita GDP of the UAE is one of the highest in the world, 24,000 USD. The export and import policies and strategies of goods and services in UAE mainly depends upon the free trade zones in the country because in these free trading zones mostly non oil products are being traded. The main benefit of these trading zones is that they are exempted from the time consuming and irritating obligations of licensing and all. The foreign and international trade and business relationships of the UAE with other countries like India, China, Japan and European Union has been improved in the past years and the balance of payments and trade has also been increased in these years. Previously the country was in deficit of balance but now the balance has risen to surplus amount. (Balance Of Payments BOP) (Balance Of Trade: Definition) Balance of Payment The balance of payments (BOP) is a record of all transactions between one particular country and the rest of the countries. It compares the difference of value of imports and exports of products, services and fiscal transactions in terms of dollars. The  BOP includes the  trade balance,  foreign investments and investments by foreigners. The BOP calculates international transactions for a specific time period, normally one year. For nation sources of funds like exports and investments are surplus items and use of funds like imports and invest in foreign countries are deficit items. BOP indicates the economic and political stability of the country. You can analyze it, i.e., if a country has a positive BOP, it means that there is substantial foreign investment within that country. The value of national currency of a country gets appreciation if the BOP is positive. If the value of a countrys import is higher than the value of its exports then the balance will be in deficit. A def icit in the balance shows a dependency on foreign investors or an overvalued currency. After including all components in BOP sheet, it must balance. The overall surplus or deficit must be zero. If a deficit in the balance then the country pays off the difference of value by exporting gold or consented hard currency. When a country is not able to pay for its debt repayments then it is called as currency crisis or BOP crisis. It came with rapid decline in nations currency value. It occurs because of large capital flow which is related to economic growth. However at a point foreign investors become concerned about their inbound capital and pull out funds. The rapid drop in the value of currency occurs because of the capital outbound flows. This causes an issue for business firm of affected country who has received loans. Foreign reserves try to support the domestic currency with very limited options after government fatigued. It increases the interest rates in order to prevent declines in value of currency. There are three methods to correct balance of payment imbalance. Adjustment of nations internal prices and adjustments of exchange rates are important methods. (Balance Of Payments BOP) Rebalancing by adjustments of exchange rate An increase in the value of currency of nation make imports cheaper and exports less matched. So it tends to correct current account surplus and make flow of investment less attractive towards capital account in order to help with a surplus. Conversely a decrease in the value of currency of nation makes things expensive for people to buy and increase the competition in exports with the others. Thus helps to correct the deficit. If nation is selling more and imports less, than the demand of currency increases because selling nations currency will be the need of other countries to make payment for the exports. If nation is exporting goods of less value and importing value is more than to pay for the excess import value it replace it with foreign currency so the currency will increase in international market thus value of currency tends to fall. BOP effects are also influenced by the difference in interest rates of nations. (Balance Of Payments BOP) Rebalancing by adjusting internal prices and demand Making changes in the domestic economy is a standard approach to correct imbalance, when exchange rates are fixed by gold standard or when imbalance is among members of currency union. Change is optional for the country which is in surplus but it is must for the deficit country. Mechanism is automatic in case of gold standard. If a nation has favorable trade balance then there will be an inflow of gold. It will increase the money supply because of this prices increase and inflation occurs thus decreases surplus. If a nation has deficit BOP then there will be an outflow of gold and occurs a deflationary effect so that prices reduced and makes export more competitive, thus do the re-balance. (Balance Of Payments BOP) Balance of Trade The balance of trade being a larger part of the economic unit, BOP, which includes all economic transaction between one country and the rest world. If a nation exports more than it imports then it has trade surplus or favorable balance of trade. If imports are more than exports then it has trade deficit or unfavorable balance of trade. There must be a favorable balance of trade but classical economics says it to be more important as for a nation so as to fully utilize its available economic resources rather than to build a trade surplus. The balance of trade indicates the nations international economic position. Factors affecting the balance of trade is inclusive of: The cost of manufacturing of product and services in the exporting country is different than that in the importing country. The price and availability of other subsidiary products, raw material and other required inputs. Fluctuation in exchange rates. Various restrictions on different type of trading medium Non economic hurdles like, environmental, health and social. Trade deficit is bad or not, it depends on business cycle and economy. If a country is in recession then it would like to exports more in order to create demand and jobs. But in strong expansion, nation would like to imports more which raise price competition and limits the inflation. So a trade deficit may help during an expansion but not good in recession. (Balance Of Trade: Definition) The UAE Balance of Payment The UAE is a member of the GCC trade group and also a member of World Trade Organization, World Bank and International Monetary Fund for the past ten years. The country has never required financial help from the World Bank or the International Monetary fund because of its strong financial position and huge treasures of wealth. Balance of Payments which is an important economic indicator to determine the countrys financial condition in the global market, in the previous year was more than 100 billion AED because of the real estate and construction business in the country. In the previous year the official reserve account of the UAE has been increased by 50 billion AED. The economy of the country is majorly driven by tourism, construction, real estate, and oil industry. So the balance of payments has to be done from various perspectives in the UAE. According to the IMF three major accounts need to be taken care of for the balance of payments in such a diverse economy, these accounts ar e: (McRae.) Current Account This account keeps track of the countrys assets from trades of goods and services and one sided transactions from foreign countries. In the year 2004 the UAE Central Bank recorded the total balance of -9 billion AED. Capital Account This account is for the flow of payments of capital items. In 2004 IMF reported 78,062 million UAE capitals of machinery, medical and electricity. The export value of the above capital was 610 million AED. The trade surplus reported by CIA in 2004 was $19 billion. Financial Account This account handles the trade of stocks and bonds, currency transaction. The net investment projected by the International Monetary Fund in 2005 was 26.3 billion AED. The 392 commercial banks of the country have the total deposit of 491,523 million AED. Business Monitor International is a leading publisher of highly specific business information about the global markets of the world. In a report of BMI it is mentioned that the international trade of UAE will increase because of the improved two ways trading with US, Iran and SA. The boost in tourism and expansion in hotel and airport projects will also strengthen the position of UAE in balance of payments, the measure of payment flow between a country and the rest of the world. According to the report the import of the UAE is increasing by 8% per year whereas the export is declining by 6% in 2009 but is forecasted to grow again by 11% in 2011. The report also said that the current account balance of the UAE is more than 20% of the GDP for the forecast period which will definitely rise as the result of improved trading relations and flourishing tourism of the country. The Balance of Payment of the UAE in 2007 was 22.2% of the GDP which decreased till 2009 and is expected to increase up to 25.2% in 2011. According to the National US-Arab Chamber of Commerce the export of US to the UAE was increased by 40% between 2005 ad 2006. The re-exporting capability of the UAE is certainly good news for the balance of payments of the country. (FRANCO, 2007) Balance of Payment is the sum of exports products and services and net income like interests and foreign aids. Current account balance is a major indicator of any countrys financial condition. The current account balance or the balance of payments for UAE in the year 2005 brought the country at 13th rank in the world. It is 136.32 percent more than in the previous year. In 2006 UAE was on ranked as 10th country for the current account balance of 36.158 billion US$ which is around 60 percent more than in 2005. In 2007 UAE recorded a decline of 46 percent in the current account balance and rolled down to 20th ranking. In 2008 the current account balance for UAE increased by 13 percent and came at 19th position. In 2009 UAE recorded a drastic dip of 130 percent in the current account balance and came at 163rd ranking in the world. (FRANCO, 2007) The UAE Balance of Trade The balance of trade of the United Arab Emirate in the December of year 2008 was recorded to 231.1 billion AED. The economy of the country is no more dependent on the oil and petroleum products but still they are an important part for the revenue of the country. The major ingredients of the countrys imports are machinery, chemicals, transport equipments, and food and the major trading countries with UAE are India, China, Japan and European Union. The following figure shows the trade balance chart of the UAE. (United Arab Emirates Balance of Trade) The trade balance of the UAE has been very much dependant on the oil and petroleum revenue. The trade balance of UAE including the oil products has always been surplus in the past years whereas excluding oil and petroleum the trade balance was in deficit throughout the last decade. The country recorded a surplus in trade balance (including oil) of 19% of the total GDP in the year 2004, the value of which was 63 billion AED. The deficit in trade balance (excluding oil) in 2000 was maximum i.e. 26% of the GDP which has been decreasing gradually in the past years and as recorded only 8% of the total GDP in year 2004 with the value of 27 billion AED. (U.A.E. Trade Policy) The trade balance of UAE from the past years has been noticed to be shifting from deficit to surplus. A recent report from the Ministry of Foreign Trades of the UAE said about the commercial and business relations between UAE and India that the trade balance of UAE with India which was in deficit of worth 7.3 billion AED in the Q1 of 2009 has now been moving to positive side and in the Q1 of 2010 the trade balance was in surplus with the amount of 2.2 billion AED. The comparison of these two quarters shows that the value of non oil international trade between the two countries has been increased up to 83%. The value of the international trade in the Q1 of 2009 was equal to 20.5 billion AED and the value of trade in the Q1 of 2010 was 37.5 billion AED. These economic indicators are the proof of strong bilateral business and commercial relationships between the UAE and India. The development and the strength of the UAEs economy can also be seen from the results of the fiscal policies a nd strategies of the countries and their execution. The country has now developed a diversified economy and exports of non oil products. (UAE achieves a surplus of Dh2.2billion in its trade balance with India, 2010) Conclusion The above discussion of the balance of payments and balance of trades of the UAE depicts that the foreign trade and international fiscal and business relationships of the country has been improved in the past years. The balance of payments which used to be on the negative side and the country under the debts of other foreign countries has now shifted to the brighter side and increase to the surplus amount. The balance of trade of the UAE was majorly dependant on the export of oil products in the previous decade. But now the trade balance of the country majorly consists of export of non oil products. The trade balance of the country with other countries was in deficit in the previous year but now it has been increased to the positive side and stood up with surplus value.

War and Grief in Faulkner’s Shall Not Perish and The Unvanquished :: Faulkner’s The Unvanquished Essays

War and Grief in Faulkner’s Shall Not Perish and The Unvanquished It is inevitable when dealing regularly with a subject as brutal as war, that death will occur. Death brings grief for the victim’s loved ones, which William Faulkner depicts accurately and fairly in many of his works, including the short story â€Å"Shall Not Perish† and The Unvanquished. While the works differ because of the time (The Unvanquished deals with the Civil War while â€Å"Shall Not Perish† takes place during World War II) and the loved ones grieving (The Unvanquished shows the grief of a lover and â€Å"Shall Not Perish† shows the grief of families), the pain they all feel is the same. When we first meet Cousin Drusilla, her fiancà ©e Gavin has already died at battle. Some Southern ladies may have handled their grief passively, retreating to their beds to sleep their pain away. However, Drusilla takes a different approach. She becomes a part of the war, actively saving her horse when the Yankees burn her family home and eventually joining her uncle’s cavalry. Drusilla refuses to passively grieve; she becomes a part of the war for which her lover felt so strongly that he was willing to die. In doing so, however, she becomes detached from the Southern life the men are trying to preserve. She thinks Gavin’s death has opened her eyes to a new world and that the old world in which they lived was pointless. â€Å"Living used to be dull, you see. Stupid. You lived in the same house your father was born in and your father’s sons and daughters had the sons and daughters of the same negro slaves to nurse and coddle, and then you grew up and you fell in love with your acceptable young man and in time you would marry him, in your mother’s wedding gown perhaps and with the same silver for presents she had received†¦Stupid, you see† (100-101). However, Drusilla—even though she may not be willing to admit it, even to herself—had always wanted that kind of life. She easily fell in love with Gavin, and once he was gone, she decided to give up her dreams of that kind of life—she wasn’t going to wait for the war to end so she could start the cycle of finding â€Å"an acceptable young man† again. Drusilla was going to take Gavin’s spot in the war, out of love and grief and loyalty.

College Laziness or Stupidity? The Internet Versus The Library as a Res

What makes the Internet so appealing? Whether it exists to have every answer to every problem or that the Internet provides its users with a virtual reality to be whomever they so choose, the Internet can be regarded as something that has advanced the human race into a new age while others see the Internet as an infernal contraption that has ruined society. Despite the Internet’s useful features, the uses among average college students have corrupted the idea of the Internet being a place to gain intellectual knowledge and has turned them into lazy, good for nothing halfwits. The standards most college students live by (in terms of using the Internet daily) is not enough to get them through four or more years of college. This can be stated with the utmost accuracy because to succeed at the highest level in college one must learn to use the library as a resource. The Internet makes up one of the most heavily used appliances that every college student literally depends upon. From streaming videos to surfing the web, it can be effortless to simply type just a few words into the search bar and hit enter, thereby eliminating hours of mindless work that (let’s face it) nobody likes doing. What should be called for is that many teachers across the nation should enforce a policy that restricts students from using the Internet as a primary source. The fact that many students are prepared to cut hours of work that can help them in the future is something that needs to change, and the only way it can is if teachers require students to use the library to look up and use books as a primary source when searching for information on projects One of the many reasons that I dislike the use of the Internet being a prominent part in the life of ... ... "Good Things about the Internet." Today's Parent 08 2004: 151-2. ProQuest. Web. 28 Feb. 2014. Steinberg, Jacques. "Free College Notes on Web: Aid to Learning, Or Laziness?" New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast) ed.: 0. Sep 09 1999. ProQuest. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. Apr. 2014. Thompson, Christen. "Information Illiterate Or Lazy: How College Students use the Web for Research." Portal: Libraries and the Academy 3.2 (2003): 259-68. ProQuest. Web. 28 Thurmond, Bradley H. "Student Plagiarism and the use of a Plagiarism Detection Tool by Community College Faculty." ProQuest. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. Wang, Yu-Mei. "Internet Uses in University Courses." International Journal on E-Learning 6.2 (2007): 279-92. ProQuest. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. Wegner, Daniel M., and Adrian F. Ward. "How Google is Changing Your Brain." Scientific American 12 2013: 58. ProQuest. Web. 5 Mar. 2014.

Music Industry Essay -- Music, Lyrics

People listen to music for a variety of reasons. Some listen to music to relax in which it serves as a sort of escape from everyday life, some because they are a fan and follow a certain artist, and others because they can relate the lyrics to their own personal experiences. Whichever the case may be, music has and continues to serve an important role in people’s lives. Music has been circulating the air across many cultures for centuries; however, in the last 50 years, the music industry has become an important global industry and an vital area for economic activity on many geographic scales (comp. 45). Over the years, music consumption has grown and spread across many areas. Music consumption has become â€Å"more of less.† This contradictory idea alludes to the fact that individuals are listening to music of many different artists rather than to an entire album by a singular artist. This causes people’s music collection to become more diversified. Likewise, more people are listening to music because it has become so accessible. Technology has undoubtedly changed the music industry and is perhaps the main reason why individuals no longer consume an entire album. Previously, people were required to buy an entire album or CD even if they only wanted a few specific songs. With new technological advancements, music consumption has become more fragmented. Individuals can instead purchase their favorite song by each artist while eliminating all others from their collection. Due to technological advancements such as the Internet, there is now a wider variety of music because a greater diversity is more accessible. An individual no longer has to leave his house and drive down the street to a store to purchase music. Instea... ...mething more. This is evident through a rise in concert attendance and prices. The prices of a tickets have increased dramatically over the past decade and fans continue to pay the cost of admission. Listening to an album no longer is the experience it once was, but fans crave the concerts which fill that void. As a CEO in charge of a record label, I would mainly focus my attention on concert promotion and production, as well as innovation. With the rapid development of technology, it is difficult to see too far into the future of the music industry. It seems that the best option is to focus on what works in the present, but being ever aware of change in the industry. It is impossible to tell what is far down the road, but taking advantage of the present while constantly adapting to changing times is what it takes to survive in such a tumultuous industry.

Enironmental Pollution Essay

Environmental Pollution is one of the biggest challenges faced by most societies in this modern era. It has become a paradox of our time that urbanization and development be associated with environmental degradation. In man’s quest for social growth, nonchalance to nature’s laws have set in and this has disturbed a number of natural phenomena. The industrial revolution has brought with it technological advancement, such as the discovery of oil and fossil fuels and its virtually universal use in a diversity of industries. Further more rapid growth in population is established to be the fundamental cause of environmental framework collapse. Population growth increases the need to produce consumer commodities and this desire is transformed into a necessity to abuse environmental resources. Population growth creates certain negative environmental issues. These issues could be economic or social by nature. Their consequences range from a decline in air and water quality as well as deterioration in infrastructure and significant health hazards. A rapid growth in human population within the city propagates pressure on the framework of such cities and its natural resources. As cities begin to expand, they take a toll on existing rural areas, creating diverse environmental challenges such as reduced biological habitat as well as pollution of nature’s resources. The increased densities of industrial areas within cities, large number of automobiles and commercial enterprises add to increased health hazards and complete breakdown of ecosystem. Development of thought Our environment plays an important role in life. Man has equally been an active participant in the process of impacting on the environment through population and greenhouse effects. Obviously the growing population indicates a higher usage of resources thus leading to a greater deal of increased pollution. Therefore pollution of the environment has become an issue of significant discussions and diverse consequences. In recent times, the rapid growth has forced the natural environment to change drastically. A greater part of such change can be concluded to be negative with daring implications. Conclusion In light of the mentioned consequences of environmental pollution and the already visible degradation it has imposed on the environment. I would recommend the following bearing in mind that significant measures which must be cost effective and in line with budgetary allocations be taken into consideration. Pollution control Legislation of point sources The social, economic and ecological significance of conservation of the environment cannot be contestable; if pollution is to be maximally reduced, the need to appraise or look into the current levels of pollution, and environmental protection legislations within the city, with a view of presenting a new legislation. New legislated standards should be proposed since already existing legislations are found to be somewhat irregular and deficient. Also the advantages and possible problems of the proposed legislation can be debated upon and discussed. Encourage alternative transportation Alternative means of transport should be highly promoted. Cycling and walking do not propagate any sort of environmental degradation as opposed to the use of vehicles, which through the use of gas and fossil fuels are a significant actor in the downward slide of the negative environmental conditions. This recommendation takes into consideration that this measure might affect the convenience and time related factor that society has grown to enjoy from such vehicle technology. Establish green spaces or urban forestry The establishment of green spaces and urban forestry would lead to a significant decline in civilizations environmental footprints on the environment, meaning the least amount of pollution and emissions. This will facilitate the cleaning of emissions as they are released as well as restoring the ecosystem and natural balance of the environment. Of course this will have to be done without curtailing people’s freedom and rights or the world’s economy. Promote fuel-efficient cars It is a fact that a large percentage of pollution comes from emission of vehicles. It is recommended that alternative fuels or fuel efficient vehicles be encouraged. Means of transport which would be significantly friendly to the environment. Alternative fuel sources would also play an effective role in the reduction of pollution. This recommendation assumes that the alternative fuel type will displace a similar amount of current fossil fuels. It does not consider consumer acceptance or infra-structure issues that will impact the market penetration of these alternative fuels. Implementation of these recommendations would bear a total cost of about $16.2M and is well within the confines of the City Councils Budgetary allocations on tackling environmental issues. Decision-making about environmental issues necessitates the maintenance of a fine balance between the effectiveness of measures and the public reaction towards them. This simply means that in as much as the recommendations tend to curb and reduce the effect of environmental pollution, it might come off as inconveniences to the general public and thus   promote a negative reaction from the people of the city. The implementations and measures no matter how effective will put a strain on the convenience of the public, regardless to say that such measure will be beneficial both in the short run and long run.

Commercials

On TV today we see lots of commercials that show what the world and our peers want us to be. Commercials also show what clothes we should wear and what foods we should eat. There are commercials that show people with healthy and in shape bodies trying to get us to eat properly because looking at them will make us want to have that kind of body and will make us buy whatever it is they are selling. So in seeing those commercials every day, some of us start to think that we are not good enough, and we think we have to look our best to fit in with everyone else. The clothes you wear will show who you are and will show how people will Judge you.If a person is wearing old smelly clothes then people might think he is not a very clean person and that he may not have much money to buy all the new clothes. Now if you are wearing the newest Polo that Just came out, then you have money and people will think you are a clean well-dressed person. That clothes you wear will certainly have an impact on how people look at you. There are on commercials on TV today with professional athletes eating certain foods and wearing and buying certain clothes and we look at them and say to ourselves that we want to be like them.So we will go out and buy the new clothes they have and go eat where they do so that we will be as cool as them. Because they are portrayed as very influential people in the world, we see them and say, if I can be like that, then I will be cool. There are many commercials today that show how we should eat to get that perfect body that all the super starts and the professional athletes have. The men are always with beautiful women, and the women are always with handsome men. So we go and buy the food they eat so we will that the bodies they have.We also go and ay the videos that make you look like the big football player or the best trainer in America. We go and buy all of these things so we can possibly be accepted by our peers. Looking at the commercials on TV toda y, we see most of them show what we should wear and eat to be like all the athletes and movie starts and buy seeing that we try our best to be as much like them as possible so we will be accepted in our society today. Showing the lives and bodies of celebrities make us want to buy the videos, food, and clothes that they buy, is a good way to make money and to make us think all these things will make us look good.

Cebuano Dialect

Rationale: The Cebuano language is widely spoken in the Philippines. It is the primary language of approximately 15 million people living in the central part of the country. The Cebuano people have been using a single dialect but with different accent, pronunciation, meaning, and the way they deliver it. Cebuano is the language spoken in the provinces of Cebu, Negros Oriental, Bohol, Southern Leyte and Southern Masbate. The purpose of this study is to distinguish the variations and difference of our own Cebuano Dialect.Before the Spaniards and other Europeans came to the Visayas, there was no word or place called Cebu and no language was called Cebuano. There was a town named Sugbo and the Spaniards hispanized the name into Cebu and Cebuano to refer to the people and language spoken in Sugbo and adjacent areas has one dialect and that is Cebuano-Bisaya. Yet, we come into a point that the Language itself varies in different ways from grammar, pronunciation and its word meaning. TABLES AND FINDINGS Place: Aloguinsan, Cebu. Southern Part of Cebu City) Respondents 2 young adults Name:Saniel Gagarani age:19 years old Occupation: Farmer Pila naman ka years nag uma? Answer: Tagutlo na ka tuig ang milabay. Tagpila diay ang sako sa Humay? Answer: Tagpira? Tag Otso sintos ang sako sa wala pa gi galling. Name: Alferdo DumaguitAge: 17 years oldOccupation: Uneducated/Bystanders Ngano wala man ka ni tiwas pag skuela? Answer: Kay apiki man mi sa kwarta. Na paka plano mu balik pag skuela?Answer: Naa pa, pero nag agad pa ko nga mahusay mi. 2 elderly Name: Paterno MahinayAge:32years old Occupation: Farmer Dugay namo nag puyo dri dapita? Answer: Oo, na libud na namo ang tibuok South og diri rami napahimutang. Kanus-a man mo nakabalik sa syudad? Answer: Makadto ako Cebu hagbay na mga napulo na ka tuig milabay. Name: Agustino Campana Age: 52years old Occupation: Barangay tanod. Dugay na ka nag tanod kuya? Answer: Tiod-tiod na pud. Mao mani ako panginabuhi. Asa diay imo asawa kuya?A na man ang mga tao single daw ka? Answer: Maraot man og batasan, nag bulag mi. 2 students Name: Haniel Paquibot Age: 15 years old Occupation: Student Ganahan ka mo skuela? Dili ka tapulan? Answer: Makapoy lakaw padulong sa skuelahan. Unsa naman ka gradoha? Gwapa sad imo maestro? Answer: Grade 6, Mahusay ra. Maot ug batasan. Name: Lemuel Rago Age: 12 years old Occupation: Student Nalingaw ka sa skuelahan? Answer: Makapoy sige og surat makaturogon ko. Unsa man imo masulti sa imo maestro?Buotan? Gwapa? Answer: Nakarugay ko. CONCLUSION: Therefore, Cebuano refers primarily to the inhabitants of the Province of Cebu, their descendants, and to the language they speak. It refers to both the people and the language. No one argues with this definition. Secondarily, though there are some who disagree with this, Cebuano applies to all speakers of vernaculars mutually intelligible with the vernaculars of Cebu, regardless of origin or location of the speakers, and their ancestry.However, with res pect to the structure of the dialect. There are also words that retain the /r/ in the aforementioned position yet are as popularly spoken without it. But all in all, there is yet no standard for spoken Cebuano. Having a standard language is a matter of power, acceptability and extensive usage. In each of the respective territories of Cebuano, there is a dominant variety, those in their economic and educational centers. RECOMMENDATIONS

Border and Coastal Security

Intellectual property theft is a broad term, which encompasses many actions directed towards intellectual property, including trademark counterfeiting, digital piracy, theft of trade secrets, copyright violation and any form of intellectual property infringement. Actual IP theft involves copyrighted works, patented inventions, and many other things. Despite their intangible nature, they can be stolen in their entirety. Simply put: when a pirate steals a sound recording, a computer program, or the chemical composition of a pharmaceutical – he has stolen the product.The pirated product may or may not have the quality of the legitimate product, but the inventiveness, the creativity, and the research costs that make the product unique have been stolen. Technological advances have made actual theft the fastest-growing type of commercial counterfeiting. With the advent of digital technology, pirates can make actual copies of computer software, recorded music, and motion pictures wit h no loss of quality in successive generations of copies.In contemporary context, copyrights are suffering the greatest losses, in part because of the many new products that have been invented, CDs, DVDs, flash discs and many other products, and because of advances in the means of distribution. Although IP theft, particularly, trademark counterfeiting, was widespread in China throughout the 1990s, the trade dispute that was investigated by the U. S. Trade Representative in 1994-1996 involved works protected by copyright: sound recordings, computer software, and motion pictures.The distribution of works protected by copyright has been revolutionized by the invention of cable television, which involves satellite transmission, and by the Internet, which can involve the digital transmission of copyrighted works such as computer programs, video games, and sound recordings. Previously, the piracy of copyrighted works required the possession of a legitimate product in a fixed or tangible f orm (i. e. , a book or a music cassette), but these technological advances in the commercial distribution of copyrighted works have offered new avenues for product piracy in intangible form (i.e. , cable programming). Cable piracy, also called signal theft, involves the actual theft of copyrighted material. The cable pirate, who hooks up illegally, is stealing television programming, which is protected by copyright. In the United States, an estimated one in four cable viewers does so illegally; the problem is worse outside the United States, where entire countries engage in signal theft. The ultimate triumph of digital technology is the Internet, where everyone is connected to a cyber universe by computer, DSL modem or broadband.The Internet offers perhaps the ultimate avenue for a counterfeiter, who can e-mail a pirated computer program or music recording anywhere in the world, and keep his identity a secret. The adequate enforcement of IP violations is probably the most effective way to prevent infringement of intellectual property rights. Since from commercial standpoint intellectual property usually represents the core of any business, the IP violations result in enormous financial losses for the companies and threaten the existence of businesses overall.For instance, according to figures presented by the U. S. Department of Justice, companies suffered $250 Billion in IP Theft in 2004 (CypherTrust, 2005), therefore, it is evident that the further enforcement directed towards IP theft should be continued. 2) Fully discuss Executive Order 13133. How can the use or misuse of the Internet affect the economy? Executive Order 13133 attempts to create new ways to censor Internet content, establish control over Internet transactions and prevent Internet fraud.The core of the Order is embedded in three tasks put before the Working group, namely define how effective Federal regulation is in investigation and prosecution of unlawful conduct that involves the use of t he Internet, what technology tools, capabilities, or legal authorities needed for effective investigation and prosecution of unlawful conduct that involves the use of the Internet, and finally and what tools and capabilities exist to educate and empower parents, teachers, and others to prevent or to minimize the risks from unlawful conduct that involves the use of the Internet.In other words, Executive Order 13133 aims to accomplish an extremely challenging task of Internet regulation. From the critical standpoint, Internet regulation is a hardly achievable mission, because unlike many other phenomena, Internet has no geographic boundaries, and thus it does not have formal geographical jurisdiction upon it. On the other hand, Internet exhibits the line of unlawful, unethical and fraudulent practices, which should be either heavily regulated or banned.It includes child pornography, illegal distribution of copyrighted materials, such as books, CDs, DVDs, Mp3s, computer software, etc a nd illegal credit card transactions cased by identity theft. Practically, the misuse of Internet results in significant financial losses for the national economy in several ways, namely due to numerous copyright infringement instances, fraudulent credit card transactions and losses coming from unrealized revenues.According to Forrester Research, an estimated $15 billion in E-commerce revenues for 2001 were unrealized because of consumers' concerns about their privacy, while 61 percent of Internet users in the United States reported that they do not purchase online because of privacy concerns (Hemphill, 2001:51). Therefore, the task put for the working group in Executive Order 13133 is practically challenging, but still necessary from security, financial and ethical viewpoints.References Intellectual Property Theft Has Never Been Easier (2005). CypherTrust, Inc. Available at < http://www. ciphertrust. com/resources/articles/articles/intellectual. php> Retrieved on June 7, 2006 Hemphi ll, T. A. (2001). Identity Theft: A Cost of Business? Business and Society Review, 106 (1): 51-63

Reducing Binge Drinking among Teens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reducing Binge Drinking among Teens - Essay Example Since teenagers are the ones who decide the future of a nation, binge drinking habits should be regulated at any cost. Educating teenagers about the consequences of binge drinking, social norms marketing and alcohol screening for college students etc are some of the effective methods which can be utilized for reducing binge drinking among teenagers. School and college curriculum should be revised thoroughly to teenagers about the consequences of binge drinking. Prevention is better than cure. It is better to educate the teenagers before they start their binge drinking behaviour than treating them after they start their binge drinking habits. Hanson (2007) has mentioned that social norms marketing technique has repeatedly proven effective in reducing the use and abuse of alcohol among young people. â€Å"It’s based on the fact that the vast majority of youths tend to drink -- or drink more -- than they would otherwise, in an effort to â€Å"fit in† (Hanson, 2007). Youth s have a habit of spreading false data about the quantity of alcohol consumed by them in order to get recognition among peers. They often treat youths who consume more alcohol as heroes. In order to eliminate such false beliefs, it is better to convey them messages through social norms marketing. Internet, teenager’s favourite television programs, print media etc can be utilized for conveying the messages against binge drinking to the teenagers.

Book review( Leadership tool kit) Bryn Hughes Essay

Book review( Leadership tool kit) Bryn Hughes - Essay Example Hughes’ observes that leaders should explore motives and outline key result areas amongst other things. In essence, Hughes does not only dwell on ethical leadership, but also on professional competence in leadership. He seems to affirms strongly that leadership is God chosen and should be treated with the seriousness and responsibility it deserves. Hughes sees leadership as a state of mind of a person who is visionary and spiritual. He also sees leadership to be defined by sound character. The author also analyses that good motives of a leader should be to share with other so that they can achieve together as a team. His understanding of motives is leadership is also pegged in Bible teachings on leadership. He analyses in various ways that proper motives are the key drivers for any success as a leader. One may see that although he focuses on doing the right thing from the Biblical context of righteousness, his leadership tools also blend well in the context of organizations in the contemporary societies. One may also note that when Hughes explains the concept and the relevance of motives to Christian leadership, he also captures on the teachings of Jesus about what constitutes sins. Jesus on His part observes in the Bible (Mathew 5:28) that whoever has looked at a woman lustfully has committed sex with her. One may say that it is in this regard that Hughes focuses and emphasizes on good motive. Although he does not dwell on the subject with very specific examples, it is understandable that anything that does not constitute God’s will is morally wrong for Christian living. This way, he observes, leaders are able to improve themselves as individuals and improve their teams. The author emphasizes that Christian leaders are should work hard towards acquiring these skills in contemporary society. In order to achieve this, the author rightfully recognizes that there is a need to identify key result areas. Hughes offers that leaders should have the drive and the desire to achieve. They do this through a display of effort in the various areas that they have identified as areas of need. When there is a strong desire to take or accept responsibilities, then a leader is on course. Leadership that is concerned about not just tasks to be completed but also demonstrates which tasks is preferable. Hughes seems to assert that proper leadership would involve being efficient at allocated tasks through proper facilitation and motivation (Hughes, 2002, p. 34). The leader should demonstrate a high morale through involvement with his/her team. This is observable through proper coordination. Other key result areas include being supportive, participative and directive. Churches can enhance leadership by training leaders at various levels to be supportive in their various involvements. Sometimes things not work out as expected. Hughes offers that leaders should support others especially by recognizing the effort put into it. Most importantly, they s hould offer support on various tasks on progress as might be necessary. It is also important that leaders acquire skills through actual participation in the various areas of involvement in the church leadership. While working in their teams, the author also offers that there is a need for leaders to be trained to be visions creators. Visionary leaders are capable of come up with new ideas that will help in goals setting and eventual action plan.

Financial and Economic environment of South Africa Term Paper

Financial and Economic environment of South Africa - Term Paper Example They also have security and safety implications and have effects on the transfer payments. Most ideas, principles and legal concepts used in international transactions often find expression in the legislative acts and policies of nation states. Although many forces besides economic factors help shape world trade, it cannot be denied that the economic component of international relations is the most significant and that generally, a prosperous and stable international business environment. Aspects of returns and risks From the website www.cia.gov, it evident that there are a number of aspects that affect the countries return and risk on investment to a business, some of this include; Ratio analysis used to obtain the company’s financial performance in many key areas. The ratios include the liquidity ratios that point out the easiness of turning assets into cash and they include current ratio which measures the financial power, the quick ratio which concentrates mainly on liquid assets whose value is sure, and working capital which is more of cash flow measure than a ratio. The leverage ratio shows the degree to which the business is dependent on debt financing. The gross margin ratio is the proportion of sales dollar left following the subtraction from the net sales the cost of goods sold. The net profit margin ratio which is the proportion of sales dollars left after subtracting the cost of goods sold and every expense excluding income taxes. Inventory turnover ratio which discloses how well the inventory is being controlled. Accounts receivable turnover ratio which shows how well collection of accounts receivable is being done, if receivables are slow in being transferred to cash liquidity could be damaged (fxTrade, 6). The return on assets ratio which indicates how well profits are being created from the assets employed. The return on investment ratio which is the proportion of return on owner’s funds invested in the business, it also indicates whether the effort put into the business in worthwhile. Information technology is used to process and analyze accounting transaction. The input devices regularly linked with the accounting information systems comprise the typical personal computers or running applications workstations, running applications, devices for scanning, standardized data entry scanning devices, electronic data interchange for electronic communication devices and e-commerce. The basic processing is realized through computer systems variety from individual personal computers to large scale enterprise servers; however the fundamental processing model is the double entry accounting system (Pomeranz & Topik 82). The output content may include any type of financial reports from tax reports to budgets. The use of also management information system which offers human/machine interactive that supports decision making for users both out and in the organization boundaries. This system support daily operated activities of the organization, future and current tactical decisions, and on the complete strategic direction. The financial applications make up the management information system which commonly implemented modules include, the payables, general ledger, receivables, procumbent, inventory, projects, assets and

Investigation of 2 evidences of the climate conditions of the last Research Paper

Investigation of 2 evidences of the climate conditions of the last Deglaciation - Research Paper Example Therefore, the paper presents an investigation of evidences and uses them to make inferences about the impacts of the last deglaciation away from the margin of the ice sheets, especially the formation of Scablands. Arguments from the Documentary In the documentary, the author attributes their formation to gradual soil erosion through the actions of rivers (NOVA, 2005). It is also assumed that it was formed by the action of glaciers during the ice age. Under the assumption, enormous sheets of gradual-moving ice that originated from Canada curved new landscape as it moved down-hill (NOVA, 2005). According to Harlen Bretz’s theory that reflected the scientific convention, Channeled Scablands resulted from an overnight enormous catastrophe, which is more Bible-inspired, but not gradual geological evolution, which is more scientific, oriented (Anderson & Anderson, 2010). He seemed to be discrediting the geological or scientific beliefs that the formation of such landscape might hav e resulted from a gradual process that would last for a long time. The Use of Scientific Evidence to Reconstruct Conditions of the Last Deglaciation According to Edmiston, Scablands are some of the prehistoric features (Edmiston, 2005). He argues that Pardee was among the early geologists to offer explanation regarding the formation of Scablands (Edmiston, 2005). He was of the opinion that the features might have resulted from the actions of ice-age glaciers. Particularly, glacial erosion could be responsible for the formation of such features (Soennichsen, 2008). In fact, he argued that normal erosion could not explain the formation of Scablands. He categorically explained that the deep gorge, large portholes resembling small lakes and sharp hanging dry falls are scientific evidences of glacial erosion (Bretz, Smith & Neff, 2006). Another scientific evidence to reconstruct Bretz’s theory was the enormous discharge from glacial lakes such as Missoula could yield such great vo lume of water, which might be responsible for the formation of channeled Scablands (Geological Survey, 2010). Later, scientists, through the analysis and application of hydrological principles, discovered that open-channel hydraulics was consistent with Bretz’s qualitative observations. Therefore, Bretz got support from the scientific evidence (Bretz, 2003). The other scientific evidence was the Columbia gorge that the scientists believed had significant discharge attributable to channeled Scablands (Summerfield, 2001). Yet, in different and convincing evidence, the geologists found another large lake believed to have been formed from glacial activities (Young & Stearley, 2008). The lake is situated in the West of Montana. Evidently, it empties catastrophically due to glacial actions (Burr, Carling & Baker, 2009). Subsequently, its waters spill over into the Scablands through the channels. The Relevance of Scientific Studies Due to the nature of the Channeled Scablands, thus being deep and containing many other physical features (Young & Stearley, 2008). Therefore, the gradualist explanation offered better account of the events, which might have led to the formation of the feature (Furtwangler, 1999). The Violent and rapid assumption theory of Bretz could not have scientific evide

The Mexican Revolution of 1910 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Mexican Revolution of 1910 - Essay Example erefore, the themes of the revolution were to end dictatorship and institute land reforms, summarized in the terms ‘land belongs to those who work in it’ (Gonzales, 47). The story of the revolution that can be seen through the lens of these sources is that of a people putting their foot down and demanding a change that would see the actual people who labored in the farms reap the benefits of their sweat and labor, at the expense of the landowners benefiting from the same. The revolution was largely sparked by a plan written by Francisco Madero, an exile political activist living in Texas US in 1910, on how the dictatorial government of the then president Porfirio DÃ ­az would be removed from office (Madero, 732). This document inspired many rebels and intellectuals who were opposed to the dictatorial rule of Diaz that had violated the Mexican constitution of 1857, thus the rebels decided to take up arms. Led by a rebel leader, Francisco Villa from north Mexico, the rebels took up arms and started the struggle from the northern states. It is the success of the northern rebel troops that inspired the outbreak of armed struggle throughout the country, with the south Mexico rebels, led by Emiliano Zapata from the south starting their struggle. Thus, realizing that things were going terribly wrong, the dictatorial president, DÃ ­az, resigned and fled the country on may 1911 (de Fuentes, n.p.). This was the hallmark of the revolution, which nevertheless continued throughout the decade ending the 1920s. The notable social cause of the Mexican Revolution of 1910 was the lack of voice of the people in the leadership of the country. Thus, social welfare of the Mexican was largely denied, with the freedom of press and education that forms essential social platform for a free society, being greatly restricted to the poor and the peasant Mexicans (Coerver and Hall, 22). The government of President Diaz had come into power through a coup, and then it consolidated power

Curriculum as process Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Curriculum as process - Assignment Example The main goal of this transformation was to help students understand democracy and all that it encompasses (Freedman, 2003). Furthermore, it would enable them to appreciate the unity in cultural diversity. Several methods can be used to develop and sustain a democratic curriculum. These include; teaching about conflicts and discussion of issues in open forums by students whereby interests of all individuals should be considered. It is also good to conceptualize curriculum as one process that is concerned with learning in classrooms and outside classroom. Sometimes, schools concentrate on learning in classroom ignoring co-curricular activities. This undermines art work, music and public speaking skills in students. A good curriculum is transparent and it values interactions out of school (Freedman, 2003). In this way, it leads to developing new knowledge and improving existing knowledge. It values diversity of teaching methods and flexibility of teachers. Teachers are able to use objects, drawings, videos, nature walks, park visits and photographs to teach instead of using course books only. Five questions that can be used for discussion of the chapter are; what is the importance of a democratic curriculum? Is it important to teach cultural diversity? What are the pertinent issues surrounding visual culture? Who enhances knowledge construction among students? Should students be involved in designing